Payroll Accounting Essay

I visited Cabela’s on loved ones night, so I watched their inside controls. I additionally solicited my inside source from their inner controls that are not seen on the business floor. My source furnished me with Cabela’s Business Code and Ethics which unmistakably states: â€Å"All Outfitters are required to; suitably oversee and shield Cabela’s resources, guarantee their productive use, and guarantee they are utilized for genuine business purposes; keep up total, precise, and opportune monetary records identified with their zone of obligation; guarantee the honesty of all Cabela’s books, records, and bookkeeping practices.† Each new worker must peruse this booklet, and afterward sign their name expressing that they read and are in consistence with what it plots. Suppliers are required to help out motivation to any legitimate and legislative solicitations, assessments, and examinations. A portion of the interior controls that I watched were moderni zed stock, all Outfitters with headsets, approved work force just in stockrooms, approved faculty to check firearm sells and weapon purchase backs, and very good quality product not being given over until paid for. At the point when I was there I seen a portion of the bigger items were beginning to come up short, so I asked my source how they know whether there were anything else in stock without setting off to the stockroom. She said they have automated stock, so all she would need to do is placed the UPC in the database. At that point she would know right at that point on the off chance that they were any longer or on the off chance that they would need to put in a request for the item. This prompts why each Outfitter having their own headset, when she sees whether there are more she simply needs to bring over the headset to a recuperation colleague. The explanation she needs to call to the recuperation group is on the grounds that they are the main ones permitted in the stockroom. This eliminates inside robbery, assists with stock, and reviews. With this sort of control when something is strange whether that is product or fund chronicles it is simpler to stick point the stumble. Another inner control that I had the option to watch was very good quality product is never discharged to a client until the last exchange is finished. While there I caught a client requesting a costly pair ofâ sunglasses in the blessing shop area, the Outfitter got the shades, took the gentleman’s name and revealed to him they would be at register two when he was prepared to look at. This assists with two things, burglary being the greatest factor yet in addition with the front registers being the main spots non-specific product is bought it eliminates different shutting records. I state non-specific product since weapons of any sort must be bought at the register in the firearm library. Which acquires the last interior control that I had the option to watch; when a weapon of any sort whether it be a little hand firearm to a chasing rifle, not exclusively is it bought at the firearm library yet an approved work force called a firearm sprinter conveys the weapon and escorts t he client to the leave entryway. Cabela’s additionally has an approved individual remaining at the leave entryways that has been told by means of headset that a firearm sprinter with x-measure of weapons is traveling his direction. He is likewise approved to check and lock weapons being brought into Cabela’s for repurchase. After he puts a lock on it he at that point requires a weapon sprinter to come get the firearm, convey it, and escort the client to the firearm library. With all that I watched and was told by my source, Cabela’s leaves no gaps in their interior activities, from product to keeping with their money records. I would state they are accomplishing something right since this is one of only a handful not many organizations that have not had their name went through â€Å"media mud† because of extortion.

Low-Cost Computers for the Developing World Essay

Presentation The duty in all periods of the primary subjects that ran specialists on account of their Close contact conditions people groups, and that regarding political, monetary and social, Taxes are interface material that ties the individual government, one of the most significant instruments utilized by governments in drawing its budgetary, monetary and social terms utilized expense income first in the financing of projects of open consumption that has gotten expanding in second . Assessments attempting to raise the financial efficiencies when the abuse of monetary assets and direction these assets to all the more likely use and to accomplish social equity in the circulation of pay and accomplish monetary steadiness where equity is not, at this point just socially, however turned into a crucial prerequisite in accomplishing national security in the network too. In this manner the state with people associated with accomplishing these objectives and to accomplish security inside and outside, yet a few citizens, and who need to offer types of assistance legitimately in the presentation of their make good on charge, true to form buyer advantage straightforwardly from buying a decent or administration overlooked , so the idea of the connection between the state (IRS) and residents (in control) and they dispose of the lawful commitment to pay their duties in part or totally and utilizing various strategies and procedures deceitful by abstaining from paid the open treasury, and that implies charge extortion . So we see this examination the issue of avoidance in esteem included assessment and known abbreviated VAT, and is a general duty exacted on organizations that create and convey products and ventures, and is the VAT charge on utilization since Stoic last it is the buyer, regardless of the way that gathered is the maker or merchant. Where the s ubject will be concentrated hypothetically and issue will be recognized and the destinations and strategy and the examination test. Destinations study This examination intends to accomplish the accompanying goals : †Get free callings and exchanges that are dependent upon VAT. †study the lawful writings of the pertinent laws in liberal callings and connection them to the assortment charge . †Get nature and types of avoidance in VAT the independently employed . †Get the fundamental reasons for avoidance in VAT the independently employed .. †Develop suitable component to manage tax avoidance to the independently employed . Issue Statement Is the expansion of the pace of significant worth included assessment (VAT), the nature of the political framework and twofold tax assessment would prompt VAT extortion ?! The significance of the examination The significance of this examination lies in the need to teach independently employed earnestness avoidance in tank and the resulting negative impacts on the money related movement of the State, and comes through meaning of this class obligations burden and free them of the issue of legacy Social which won between gatherings of Palestinian culture, including independently employed before the approach of the Palestinian Authority, where he was responsible for the Palestinian is avoidance of assessments national activity, on the grounds that the expense income goes to unlawful goals . Writing survey As per Smith and Stephen (2007) ,they turned to some of european encounters of European nations. This investigation meant to surveys what is thought about the introduction of the VAT to income misfortunes through resistance, with a specific spotlight on extortion and evasion,and thinks about what should be possible in respons. Furthermore, they are follow the approach to take out extortion in the VAT, by utilized More extreme measures inside the setting of a framework that jelly zero-rating incorporate , The utilization of ‘reverse charging’, by which obligation in a business-to-business (B2B) exchange is set on the purchaser as opposed to the merchant. This would manage the merry go round misrepresentation, and by completion the progressive cumulation of VAT installments through different phases of creation and dispersion and rather gathering all VAT income at the last deal, the framework is presented to significantly more serious dangers of income misfortune through unreported deals to definite customers , With a retail deals charge all assessment income is lost if a deal to conclusive shoppers some way or another goes unreported, while with a VAT the misfortunes are restricted to the distinction between the VAT due on the last deal and the VAT previously gathered at before stages. Smith said that have contended that a more drawn out run and tough answer for the issue of missing dealer misrepresentation requires a crucial upgrade of the VAT treatment of global exchanges and this Systematic change that wipes out the main driver of missing merchant extortion would be a substantially more engaging long haul technique than the mix of asset concentrated authorization activities and impromptu ‘fixes’, for example, expanded opposite charging, which may give transitory help. The investigation of Richard(2011) , concentrated on an innovative techniques in the battle against charge fraud.This study planned to battling charge misrepresentation (tank) bye utilizing a mechanical strategy for this . So there is a three driving innovation based arrangements will be considered here: the Real Time VAT (RTvat ) the VAT Locator Number ( VLN) framework and the Digital VAT (D-VAT), There are significant contrasts among them, however by and large, the RTvat centers around making sure about the expense, the VLN centers around safely following the flexibly, and the D-VAT guarantees that the right assessment is charged gathered, and transmitted. Richard have arrived at certain resolutions dependent on innovative arrangements built up that The RTvat is applied to all exchanges in a VAT framework. It changes the underpinnings of the VAT, moving it from a receipt framework to a settlement framework. The withholdingand-transmit component of a VATsystem has been adequately ev acuated and VLN likewise applies to all exchanges in a VAT framework yet leaves the essential structure of the VAT immaculate. It basically adds a scrambled tracer code to each receipt. As Borselli’s stydy that expected to right off the bat, it plots the fake VAT conspires that represent the most genuine danger to the working of the VAT framework, and assesses the viability of the techniques embraced to battle and forestall that sort of misrepresentation. Besides, it remarks on the expenses and advantages of increasingly extensive measures to be actualized sooner rather than later at EU and national level.He follow the systems that battling tax collection misrepresentation as , A half breed invert charge component would likewise offer ascent to different issues. Right off the bat, it would prompt a significant increment of VAT discount asserts by available people, who pay VAT to their providers (on their sources of info not surpassing the limit esteem), where their yield exchanges are dependent upon the converse charge system. Also, treating indistinguishable exchanges distinctively for VAT purposes diminishes the adequacy, of hostile to extortion measures , expands the multifaceted nature of the administration of the VAT framework and requires an intense control framework so as to shield Member States from unfavorable impacts. Where it was inferred that the need to augment the adequacy of the technique to battle VAT misrepresentation can't be isolated from an expansive view on the working of the VAT framework in general. Accessible components cooperate, require a high level of adjustment to the financial and legitimate setting and should be a steady of the Member States’ administrative structure. This implies there isn't asingle road† to an increasingly effective VAT framework and that it is unseemly for Member States to just duplicate and transpose the measures taken by other Member States into their national enactment. In 2011 , Kaspar Lind , faocused in his aticls on the issues of ï ¬  scal misrepresentation, shutting of exchanges, and great confidence , and to investigate Estonian enactment and the act of the Supreme Court and its advancement in the previous 10 years, and to contrast it with the act of the European Court of Justice. Given that monetary fakes are a significant issue, According to that , the installment for merchandise or administrations would happen through the bank, and the bank would isolate the installment into two sections (the cost of the products or administrations and the measure of duty), of which the measure of VAT would be paid legitimately to the assessment authority. With the subsequent plan, a focal database is made for solicitations burdened with VAT that the assessment authority can screen progressively. Thirdly, separate VAT databases are utilized that are simple for the duty power to access so as to check solicitations. Certiï ¬ cation is viewed as a fourth arrangement. Beside the opposite charge, the ï ¬ rst arrangement is considered the most effective;however, it would require a generous change of the current framework. The other three models may improve oversight yet don't legitimately guarantee a superior receipt of expenses. He said † Although they can reach general determinations on the proper behavior with respect to the VAT framework, due persistence may rely incredibly upon each country’s legitimate request and practice. Accordingly, it is very difï ¬ cult for business visionaries to work in various European Union Member States. Frequently business visionaries can learn of the specific substance of their due ingenuity just over the span of legal procedures, however that may involve charge liability† As of late ,The European Union’s VAT framework has gotten defenseless against composed extortion plans , so there is a plans concentrated by Fabrizio Borselli. This article demonstrates that need to expand the adequacy of hostile to VAT-misrepresentation procedure can't be isolated from a wide perspective on the issue and of the working of the VAT framework in general. A radical change in the VAT framework may give a vigorous guard against misrepresentation however produce dubious impacts. The investigation demonstrated the most significant strategies built up by the part states to battle extortion by growing early-notice frameworks for areas and exchanges in danger. Since missing brokers need to enter the market before submitting the extortion (for example to acquire a VAT ID number, except if they capture another trader’s VAT number), a sound framework

What are Sidebars in WordPress (How to Create Edit Them)

What are Sidebars in WordPress (How to Create Edit Them) .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on March 1, 2020When I am first teaching people about WordPress, an early question that usually comes up revolves around a little bit of confusion about the sidebars in WordPress, their function and how to use them.Well, in this article, I am going to answer the questions: Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert What are sidebars in WordPress?What is a WordPress widget?How you can add widgets to your sidebar?Table of Contents What are sidebars in WordPress?Uses of sidebars in WordPressWhat is a WordPress widget and how we can use them in sidebars?How to put widgets in the sidebars in WordPressHow to remove a widget?Types of widgets in WordPressWhat are some useful WordPress widgets?1. Ultimate Posts Widget2. Recent Posts Widget With Thumbnails3. Top Post s Pages Widget4. SiteOrigin Widgets BundleWhat are sidebars in WordPress?You might also like: Best WordPress hosting Sidebars in WordPress are the widget-ready area for displaying information, links or images. It is also called the widget-ready area, where you can place many widgets that are native to WordPress or created by your theme or plugins.A sidebar can be vertical or horizontal depending on the structure of the theme. You can use sidebars as the widget-ready area below or above the content area, footer, and header. You can also use the sidebars on the right or the left side of the main content.Uses of sidebars in WordPressWell, we already know the area of sidebars. When your theme has a widget-ready area, you can use sidebars to insert other pieces of information that are not present in the main content area.   A sidebar may have many practical and useful purposes.Lets check some practical uses of sidebars in WordPress: Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches Highlight Content: Using sidebars, you can highlight your most recent, featured or popular content. A sidebar with reading recommendations like this will help your readers to find more information that might be of interest to them.Email Subscription: You can place your Email Subscription form on the sidebar to encourage your readers to subscribe to updates or a newsletter if applicable using a plugin like Mailchimp or Optminmonster.Add Social Media: On the sidebar, you can also add your social media account details. For instance, you have a Facebook page associated with your website, you can place your page on the sidebar that enables the reader to like your page. Recommended plugin: Social Snap.best WordPress the mes, and free WordPress themes articles and choosing one which has a layout to suit your needs.Now, the question is, how we can use widgets in the sidebars in WordPress. Follow me! I will give you the complete rundown on how to use your widget-ready areas.How to put widgets in the sidebars in WordPressWell, using widgets in your site quite simple and easy. To use widgets in your widget-ready area, visit  Appearance Widgets from your WordPress admin dashboard. There are many ways you can add widgets to sidebars. The easiest one is to drag and drop them to your WordPress sidebar..It’s crucial to note that not all your widget-ready sidebars and areas will show up in the customizer. Thus, it’s recommended to use the Appearance Widgets screen so that you can see all of your options.How to remove a widget?Removing a widget is just as simple as adding them to WordPress. Go to the Appearance Widgets page, and look for the widget you want to remove in your sidebars, then click on it s title to expand it.4. SiteOrigin Widgets BundleThe  menus in WordPress. Take a look at that article also if you want some knowledge of how to use those.Did you find this article helpful?Share your thoughts and suggestions in the comments below! What are menus in WordPress? WordPress blog security

Psychological Perspectives And Strengths And Weaknesses

The aim of this assignment is to understand Psychological Perspectives and analyse what each perspective’s strengths and weaknesses are. Behaviourism: â€Å"Behaviourism (also called behavioural psychology) refers to a psychological approach which emphasises scientific and objective methods of investigation† (Simple Psychology, 2016). This approach seeks to understand all behaviour as a result of either ‘classical conditioning’ or ‘operant condition’. Also, trying to understand what has been learnt to create human behaviour. Each theory believes that different processes are involved in learning; however, both explain all types of behaviour as being the result of learning. â€Å"John Watson proposed that the process of classical conditioning (based†¦show more content†¦The dog had therefore learnt a ‘conditional response’ of salivation to the ‘conditional stimuli’ of the bell. Therefore, Pavlov believed that behaviour was learnt through Operant conditioning is â€Å"Operant conditioning can be described as a process that attempts to modify behavior through the use of positive and negative reinforcement† (Learning Theories, 2017). This theory of learning is associated with the American psychologist Burrhus Fredric Skinner. Skinner believed that the mind does exist, but that it is more productive to study observable behavior rather than internal mental events. He also believed that the best way to understand behavior is to look at the causes of an action and its consequences. He believed that operant conditioning was a form of Reinforcement. Repeated behavior tends to be reinforced or strengthened. Behaviour that isn’t reinforced will be extinguished or forgotten, weakening the outcome. Skinner studied operant conditioning by conducting a series of experiments using animals which he placed in a ‘Skinner Box’. Arguably, the Skinner box is very unethical and is seen as cruelty to animals like rats or mice. Skinner identified 3 different responses that can happen after behaviour: †¢ Neutral operants o These are responses that are from the environment that neither decrease nor increase the probability of the behavior that is being analysed being repeated. †¢ Reinforcers o These are responses from theShow MoreRelatedUnit 8 P1 and M11566 Words   |  7 PagesUnit number and title Level 3 BTEC National Diploma in Health and Social Care (QCF) Unit 8 – Psychological Perspectives for Health and Social care. Learner name Assessor name Kamila Patrycja Zgadzaj Kwame Attikpoe Date issued Hand in deadline Submitted on 5th December, 2014 15th December, 2014 15/12/14 Assignment title Explain the principal psychological perspectives and assess different psychological approaches to study. In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence againstRead MoreThe Integration Perspective And The Christian Psychology Perspective913 Words   |  4 Pagesscripture, Christianity, and psychological principles are not compatible. Instead they believe that modern psychology is secular, scientific, and sacrilegious. However, many Christian psychologists and counselors, organizations and associations such as the Society for Christian Psychology, are striving to unite, integrate and incorporate Christian values, principles and knowledge into modern psychological counseling, research, and practice. Two of the main perspectives that tries to merge the twoRead MoreHuman Ecology Theory And Community Theory1121 Words   |  5 Pagesclusters of people who have something in common. A major social work perspective views communities as entities where citizens can organize or be organized in order to address mutual concerns and improve their over-all quality of life. Througho ut this paper I will discuss four conceptual perspectives of communities. I will cover the following, Human Ecology, Socio-Psychological, Structural, and Functionalist. These perspectives are important for a social worker to understand in order to create changeRead MoreIntroduction to Psychology Worksheet Essay605 Words   |  3 PagesPsychology Within the discipline of psychology, there are several perspectives used to describe, predict, and explain human behavior. The major perspectives in modern psychology identified in the text are neuroscience, cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic. Describe these major psychological perspectives using two to three sentences each. Type your response in the space below. Neuroscience: Views behavior from the perspective of biological functioning. How individual nerve cells areRead MoreHuman Behavior And Mental Processes1355 Words   |  6 Pagesbuilding a precise framework for the case after evaluating all possible weaknesses and strengths. Continuing, the textbook by Ronald J. Comer titled Abnormal Psychology provides six distinct models scientists use to interpret abnormal behavior and cognitive thinking. In my opinion, the biological model best explains abnormal behavior. This model makes the most sense to me since I look at life through a medical or anatomy perspective. All my life I have taken every science class offered to me so onceRead MoreHNC Social Care Psychology1485 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ How can psychological theory help me to understand the development and needs of an individual? To answer this question I will use the Case Study of John. John is a twenty-five year old adult who identifies the following as his key issues: low self-esteem, low self-confidence, excessive alcohol consumption and occasional recreational drug use, depression and anxiety; particularly social anxiety with members of the opposite sex. To begin understanding the development and needs of John I willRead MoreSocial Worker Perspective On Elder Abuse1535 Words   |  7 Pagesof elderly patients. Strengths: This is a powerful article that provide pattern of behaviors that discern the elements which provoked elder abuse. Weaknesses: This model was patterned after that of child abuse, thus, there may exist other factors not considered when applying it to elder abuse, such as, self-neglect.. Value This article was very helpful in describing some of the problems with communications and opens up a series of questions. Social Worker Perspective on Elder Abuse Band-WintersteinRead MoreSocial Problem Being Explored Is The Low Rate Of Nepalese / Burmese Refugees With Ptsd Seeking Mental Health Services1681 Words   |  7 Pagessocial problem being explored is the low rate of Nepalese/Burmese refugees with PTSD seeking mental health services due to attached stigma for seeking such services. This section will use ecological systems, conflict and social contrustionist perspectives to provide an in depth analysis of the issue. Conceptualizing Stigma The Nepalese/Burmese refugees follow Nepalese traditions and culture. Contextually PTSD does not exist in traditional Nepalese culture. (Kohrt, B. Hruschka 2010) Rather, Nepalese/BurmeseRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime : The Classical View960 Words   |  4 Pagesthese two main views branched many different views to explain who or what may be responsible for crime; known as criminal behavioral theories. Influenced by the classical theory is the rational choice theory, all the other theories; biosocial, psychological, social learning, and social structure is influenced by the positivist view. The rational choice theory believes that when the reward â€Å"rationally â€Å"outweighs the punishment than a crime will be committed. There are two different views on this theoryRead MoreSimilarities and Differences in Sociological Theories of Crime890 Words   |  4 PagesDifferences in Sociological Theories of Crime Sociological theories of crime contain a great deal of useful information in the understanding of criminal behavior. Sociological theories are very useful in the study of criminal behavior because unlike psychological and biological theories they are mostly macro level theories which attempt to explain rates of crime for a group or an area rather than explaining why an individual committed a crime. (Kubrin, 2012). There is however some micro level sociological

Critique Of The s The Lorax - 1004 Words

The story of The Lorax may be animated and exaggerated to the point of talking animals, but in reality, it is true. Destroyed habitats and forests are the products of capitalism. Karl Marx believed that capitalism benefits nobody except the greedy owners who take no consideration for anyone or anything other than the money they are getting from the next sell. Seuss uses Marx’s ideas in The Lorax to demonstrate how capitalism goes from private riches, to exploitation of others, resulting in exploitation of the environment, which Marx would not only have agreed with but would have joined the fight against the destruction of the environment. In The Lorax, we meet the Once-ler, a man looking for a material to create his product, the Thneed. Once he comes across the beauty of the Truffula Trees, he instantly starts chopping them down for his own gain. From here, he builds factories and invites his family to come work for him in order to increase production. The Once-ler states, â€Å"I biggered my factory. I biggered my roads. I biggered my wagons. I biggered the loads of the Thneeds I shipped out. I was shipping them forth to the South! To the East! To the West! To the North! I went right on biggering... selling more Thneeds. And I biggered my money, which everyone needs.† (The Lorax). In the book, a government is never mentioned to get involved to regulate or stop the Once-ler’s business. So this is a pure example of capitalism. Capitalism is when an industry is privately owned forShow MoreRelatedThe Work Of Dr. Seuss1336 Words   |  6 Pages The work of Dr. Seuss is a vast collection of critiques, whimsical thinking, and savvy life learning lessons for both children and adults. This paper considers how influenced the narrative and storytelling throughout Theodor’s vast career. First in his childhood, Sundays in the zoo with his father where animals had too many knuckles. In the same fashion later on, his sketches in Dartmouth College’s rag the Jack’o ‘Lantern. Throughout his career Dr. Seuss wrote about topics close to his heart and

Analysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula - 1631 Words

Halloween, for many, is the best time of year. For some, it’s because of the free candy. But for people like me, it’s the power to express my creative, childhood imaginations and morph into any character for a day. But why can’t I become someone else forever, especially if it would make me happier? For Sula Peace and Nel Wright, in Sula, defining oneself in a pool of racism and varying moral standards is by no means challenging. Through a vivid and consistent emphasis of color and physical appearance, author Toni Morrison effectively outlines Sula and Nel’s attempts to comprehend and create their personal identities separate from the own mothers’ influences. Based on their situations, it appears that anyone can easily alter their character and self to fit their desires. However, Morrison ultimately emphasizes that one does not have complete control over their identity because of overwhelming familial and sociological barriers. Morrison makes it clear that a person’s skin color is an inherent and meaningful quality of their identity. One’s identity is composed of a combination of race, gender, ethnicity, family influence, and several other characteristics. Skin color can allows one to share similarities with those who are the same. Sula and Nel are both colored, and each understands that they are â€Å"neither white nor male† (52). Focusing on this similarity of color and gender is what draws them closer as friends, providing them with â€Å"ease and comfort† and an â€Å"intimacy† (52)Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthe two girls share as a result of their juvenescence--or does it? In Toni Morrison s Sula, this scene, among others, appears at first to be both irrelevant to the novel’s underlying theme and out of place with regard to the rest of the plot. Yet, when analyzed further, the literary devices that Morrison uses i n these scenes bring readers to a vastly different conclusion. These scenes serve as windows into the mind of Morrison and even into the larger themes present in the text. So, perhaps two girlsRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1906 Words   |  8 PagesSula is written by Noble Prize winner in Literature, Toni Morrison. Morrison’s novels are known for their epic themes, dramatic dialogue, and opulently detailed characters. This novel contains originality and overflows with problematic situations that take place during the time after World War I. Sula opens up in a town called Bottom, which is mostly occupied by African Americans. This town is positioned, in the hills above the mostly white, wealthier community of Medallion, Ohio. This town hasRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula980 Words   |  4 Pageswho find themselves questioning. For there are choices and risks in every relationship. There are good and evil in each and everyone. In this time it is the 190 0s set in Medallion, Ohio. Toni Morrison s Sula takes readers on a journey through pillars, betrayals and tragedies surrounding two girls; Nel Wright and Sula Peace. The Bottom originated from a master and a slave. After some arduous tasks, the slave was given a piece of land on top of the hills. This is where the black community settle onRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1474 Words   |  6 PagesBut what remains the same in a person after all these years? Toni Morrison, in her novel Sula, suggests that our inner selves do not change as much as we think. Through a consistent emphasis on body parts, color, and physical appearance, Morrison illustrates the coexistence of change and stability that lie within each person’s body and identity. Though it appears that people can easily alter their identities to fit their desires, Morrison ultimately emphasizes that one’s identity does not change overRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesOpposite and Similarity Attract in Sula Most of people find themselves attracted to someone very unlike them, a phenomenon called â€Å"opposites attract†. People are usually drawn to those whose personality, characteristics or habits are opposite to them because they are fascinated by the differences and are curious of exploring what they have never experienced before. Throughout history, many writers attempt to explore and investigate the cause of this absorbing human trait by analyzing their characters’Read MoreAnalysis Of Flaubert s Madame Bovary, Toni Morrison s Sula Essay1857 Words   |  8 Pagesbe broken if new circumstances occur. A contract can be voided by mutual consent.† In other words, the bond established by the man and the woman is an ongoing unending commitment to each another. In Gustave Flaubert’s â€Å"Madame Bovary,† Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Sula† and Kate Chopin’s two short stories â€Å"The Storm† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† we see disloyalty, complex love, misery, unfulfillment and importantly, infidelity supposed matrimony. In the story â€Å"Madame Bovary,† Emma’s marriage is dullRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Toni Morrisons Sula1464 Words   |  6 PagesMorrison’s novel Sula, takes place within a black community also referred to as the Bottom in Medallion, Ohio in the 1920’s. It’s a topsy turvy world. The once-useless land that a white man jeeringly provided for a dark man is currently being transformed into a socially attractive district for white individuals. However, this reversed request isnt only an amusing setting for the novel; it is a fundamental topic of the novel, for as Morrison has stated, Evil is as useful as good is although goodRead MoreSula Birthmark Analysis1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birthmark and Sula: Forced Identity Toni Morrison’s novel Sula, examines a wide range of topics, delving particularly into morality, the black female experience, and friendship. The narrative follows childhood best friends, Nel and Sula, as they navigate life in the Bottom, a black community in Ohio. Although inseparable as children, even undivided after accidentally killing a two-year-old boy, they follow divergent paths as adults. Nel leads a life of conformity; Sula does the opposite. AnRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved : Dehumanization Of Slavery And Its Effects On African Americans And Their Basic Forms Of1268 Words   |  6 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved shows the dehumanization of slavery and its effects on African-Americans and their basic forms of existence—specifically motherhood. Morrison depicts the strong maternal bond between Sethe and her children. Most importantly, her use of Sethe’s controversial act of infanticide shows the lengths that Sethe will take to protect her child ren from slavery. Morrison’s depiction of Sethe’s motherhood shows how slavery has deconstructed the Eurocentric expectations and traditionsRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Recitatif1135 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis Paper: â€Å"Recitatif† by Toni Morrison Many authors write fictional novels about historical events. A common topic written about is the racial integration between African Americans and whites during the 1950’s. Although the short story â€Å"Recitatif† explicate many different themes, the central topic of Morrison’s writing is about racism. Throughout the story, the author expresses examples of hatred between black and white races at the shelter, the different encounters they have, and

Work Health and Safety Act Hospital Environment

Question: Discuss about theWork Health and Safety Actfor Hospital Environment. Answer: Introduction WH Safety Act 2011 was initiated for enhancing safe work practices within the country (Australia). As such, the essay will exemplify and clarify the understanding the aim of the Act as far as an employer-employee relation is concerned in a work environment. In this regard, it will identify a handful emergency procedures within a hospital environment, list activities that are not permitted in a workplace, and as well explain why it is important to identify hazards. Moreover, further contents will contain the importance of the risk assessment process, incident reporting process under NSW government hospitals, role, and responsibility of the WHS committee, a hierarchy of control, workplace safety and incident/ accident reporting procedure. The Aim of WH Safety Act 2011 The famous WH Safety Act is important in that it enhances the provision of an explicit framework for enhancing protection of health, welfare, and safety of all employees within their work jurisdictions. In addition, the WHS Act 2011 also provides health and safety protection to all other peoples who could be affected by the work in one way or the other (NSW Legislation, 2011). Among the groups protected by the act comprises of: employers, employees, contractors, subcontractors, volunteers, interns and experienced students, trainees and apprentices, and out workers. As such, public is not excluded since the general public is also protected by the act since they are either affected directly or indirectly (safe work website). Employer/ Employee Responsibilities for Maintaining a Safe Working Environment Employer The employer is responsible for the provision of workers and contractors with adequate facilities to enhance safety at work. This may not be limited to capital resources but also amenities, hygienic eating areas, and clean drinking water among others. It is the role of the employer to ensure that much consultations are carried out with employees regarding factors that directly impact their welfare. As such, health and safety representation within an organization should include employees so that their plight would be addressed accordingly. An employer has to nominate a senior member of the management team or (yourself) to be responsible for handling workers affairs including health and safety issues within the organization. Keeping relevant and valid information regarding workers health and safety. Such records could include asbestos assessment, biological monitoring, relevant medication information and first aid records among others. Periodically, the employer should organize for and/or engage qualified people with expertise in health and safety to advise the workers on issues that affect their wellbeing as employees leading to effective work/ life balance. The employer should also be able to avail information to the employees in appropriate language about available arrangements about employee health and safety, and to whom they should make any complaint or inquiry. The WHS Act 2011 explicate that an employer should ensure that workers have sufficient information, training, instruction, and supervision that enhance their health, safety and wellbeing at work (Safe Work Australia, 2012: NSW Health website). Employee Although it is rightful to state that an employer has to enhance health and safety working conditions in an organization, workers also have distinct roles that have to be accomplished to realize work health and safety. According to WHS 2011, workers are responsible for the following: Taking care while working to ensure that the manner in which they work does not harm themselves and others. When there is any injury or illness, employees are responsible for notifying the employer within 30 days from the time they realize any concern that could compromise their work, health, and safety. Although employees are entitled to medical treatment or time off as a result of illness or injury. They are responsible for making claims and as well decides to choose preferred doctor and/or healthcare provider. Moreover, when there is a need for occupational rehabilitation services, the worker has the right to select from a list of three (3) service providers. In a workplace, accident victims are responsible for choosing a representative, person to support or assisted in the return to work process. But, the WHS Act 2011 affirms that a legal practitioner cannot be a representative (safe work website). Three Emergency Procedures within a Hospital Environment In a hospital environment more specifically in Australia, the WH S Act 2011 indicate four main emergency procedures: Alert (when there is a possible emergency). Standby (when the emergency is eminent) Response (when the emergency ideally exists and a response is required). And stand down (when the emergency has abated and recovery activities can begin). Activities that are not permitted in the workplace under the WHS Act 2011 Being irresponsible as to the risk of death or serious illness or injury on an individual (Work Health | Safety Act, 2011, 42). Engaging in conduct that exposes an individual to the risk of death, injury or illness (Work Health Safety Act, 2011, 42). Failure to comply with health and safety duty (Work Health Safety Act, 2011, 42). Any person conducting an undertaking should not provide monetary support to representatives in health safety departments purposefully to the person referred to in action (Work Health and Safety Act, 2011, 42) Knowingly making misleading representation to another person about rights or obligation under the WHS Act 2011 (Work Health Safety Act, 2011, 58). Why it is Important to Identify Hazards Hazard identification is important and very crucial in the mitigation process. However, it also enhances the realization and adoption of appropriate measures to control further risks that may occur through the continuous use of new work processes, workers involvement, and equipment (NSW Health website). The Importance of the Risk Assessment Process In any organization, risk assessment process plays a great role in determining effective occupational health and safety practices that are integral in deriving a realistic risk management plan.as such, assessment process creates awareness about the risk and associated hazards thus enhancing the realization of the people who are at risk be it employees, employers, contractors, subcontractors, interns, subordinate staff or the general public. As such, this helps an organization to directly monitor risks and as well monitor the effectiveness of predetermined risk mitigation strategies (safe work website). The incident reporting process under NSW government hospitals In NSW government hospitals, incident reporting process includes the following: Identification of the incident (Work Health and Safety Act, 2011, 42). Immediate action(s) to mitigate adverse consequences notification of the incident into the incident management system (IMS) under categorized relevant incident type in order to enhance allocation of SAC rating (Work Health and Safety Act, 2011, 42). Documentation of incident management system number in the patient medication record is done (Work Health and Safety Act, 2011, 42). Prioritization is done through confirmation of SAC rating hence preparation and submission of reported incidents for all SAC1 incidents and others according to Ministry of Health (MOH) mandates. Investigation of incidents (Guide to the Work Health and Safety Act, 2011). Classification and confirmation of final incident type(s) (Guide to the Work Health and Safety Act, 2011). Incident analysis to identify emerging themes/ trends that contribute to such incidents (Guide to the Work Health and Safety Act, 2011). Finally, action plans on implementation of recommendations based on the action plan. The Role and Responsibility of the WHS Committee The roles played by WH S safety committee mainly ensures that an organization has a genuine representation of workers in health and safety related matters that affect their involvement in the organization. However, the committee is also responsible for assisting to enhance the realization of standard, rules and procedures related to health and safety to be complied within the workplace, and any other function as may be agreed between employer and employees (Guide to the Work Health and Safety Act, 2011). Hierarchy of Control According to WHS Act 2011, the hierarchy of control should be utilized sequentially as follows: eliminating, substituting, isolating, engineering, administering and personal protective Equipment (PPE) (Safe Work Australia, 2012). Workplace Safety: In most cases, enrolled nurses are prone to accidents like: Cuts Infection Burns Others include but not limited to the wrist, ankle and back strains. The incident/ accident report should include the following factors: Hazard Hierarchy of controls Illness Incident Serious injury or illness Actual consequences Potential risks Residual risk (NSW Nurses and Midwives Association, 2013). Conclusion Considering the essay, it is imperative to state that the WHS 2011 is important in enhancing the understanding of how best to enhance enrolled nurse practices within the hospital working environment. In addition, other stakeholders in the respective organization also rely heavily on the content of the act in order to enhance smooth operations and workers health and safety. Indeed the content of the paper is adequate to realize what law require as far as health and safety in the workplace are concerned. References Guide to the Work Health and Safety Act, 2011. Queensland. Retrieved from: https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/data/assets/pdf_file/0006/82545/guide-to-work-health-and-safety-act-2011.pdf Safe Work Australia, 2012. Australia Government Website. Retrieved from: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA/model-whs-laws/model-whs-regulations/Historical/Model_Explanatory_Statement-January2012.pdf NSW Health, 2012. Australia Government Website. Retrieved from: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Pages/default.aspx NSW Legislation, 2011. Australia Government Website. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/inforce/f8df8095-a335-66a0-8828-f33d06042cb9/2011-10.pdf NSW Safe work (Website). Retrieved from: https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/health-and-safety Work Health and Safety Act, 2011. No 10. Assented to 7.6.2011. Date of commencement, 1.1.2012, sec 2. Work Health and Safety Act, 2012. Legislation. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/WORK%20HEALTH%20AND%20SAFETY%20ACT%202012/CURRENT/2012.40.UN.PDF NSW Nurses and Midwives Association, 2013. Work Health and Safety Essentials for Nurses and Midwives. Retrieved from: https://www.nswnma.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/NSWNMA-Work-Health-and-Safety-Essentials-for-Nurses-and-Midwives-2013.pdf

Dubai Expo

sound of silence essays

sound of silence essays "The Sound of Silence"A Formalist Criticism I have chosen to analyze the 1664 hit by Paul Simon, The Sound of Silence. This song is filled with symbolism and can be interpreted in many different ways. I believe that it is a commentary on the way that people fail to communicate and understand each other, not only between cultures, and not only words, but emotions as well. The song begins with the words Hello darkness, my old friend/Ive come to talk with you again. I feel that this is an indicator that the author is in a dark place, talking to, basically, nobody. I think that use of the word again is indication that going to a dark place and talking about his concerns is something that the singer does frequently, when he needs to get something off his chest. The song continues, Because a vision softly creeping/Left its seeds while I was sleeping/And the vision that was planted in my brain/Still remains/Within the sound of silence. I believe that in this, the singer is saying that this is a realization that came to him in a dream. I think that even though the realization came to him in a dream, it is very valid, and has caused the singer so much mental and emotional distress that he has come to talk it out in the darkness. The next stanza describes the dream that the singer had: In restless dreams I walked alone/Narrow streets of cobblestone/Neath the halo of a street lamp/I turn my collar to the cold and damp/When my eyes were stabbed by the flash of a neon light/That split the night/And touched the sound of silence. I think that in this stanza, the singer is setting the mood for the coming realization. He is walking down a street, when suddenly there is a bright flash of light. I feel that it is significant that the singer says that the light touched the sound of silence. I think that throughout the song, the phrase ...

TEEN DRINKING AND DRIVING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TEEN DRINKING AND DRIVING - Research Paper Example As a result, this paper, therefore, explores the issues that are concerned with these problems, the consequences, and suggestions on the best way forward. Background Information Most states within US have a zero tolerance when it comes to teenage drinking where some states even have an outline of the maximum blood and alcohol concentration levels for teenagers. As such, the limit is set to be at 0.001% for all teenage drivers, which translates to no drinking. The law does not allow teenagers and other persons who may not have attained the required drinking age of 21 in all the states to purchase alcoholic beverage or to be found in possession of alcoholic beverages. However, the CDC reports that teenagers in the United States abuse of Alcohol more than tobacco and other illegal drugs, which proves it beyond reasonable doubt that indulgence in alcohol and subsequent driving under the influence of alcohol poses serious problems to them and the society. In addition, CDC reports that the number (percentage) of teenagers who are in high school indulging in alcohol abuse, and driving under the influence of alcohol has reduced by more than half since 1991. ... However, CDC provides facts on teenage drinking in the United States showing that the rate of teenagers who are driving under the influence of alcohol, or who are driving, as well as consuming alcohol to have reduced by 54 per cent as from 1991 (â€Å"Teen drinking and driving†). Currently, the number of high school teenagers engaging in drunk driving is reportedly about 2.4 million persons every month. In the year 2010, reports indicate that one in every five teenage drivers, who were involved in fatal motor vehicle accidents, had alcohol in their blood streams. These important research findings shows that big strides have been taken to eliminate this problem from the society, but a lot needs to be done to reduce it further and consequently eliminate the menace. It has been suggested in some quarters that the key to eliminating the menace revolves around involving the parents of teenagers, lowering the minimum drinking age, and enacting punitive laws that are zero tolerant am ongst others. It has also been suggested that the driving licensing system should adopt the graduated driving licensing system (Peden et al 112). Minimum Drinking Age In the United States, the minimum drinking Age is 21, as opposed to most countries that have set their drinking age at 18, but there have been considerations by most states to lower the drinking age to below 21. Many young people indulging in alcohol abuse and driving under the influence of alcohol most often undergo painful consequences, which have raised concerns as to whether lowering the minimum drinking age is likely to lead to a reduction of the occurrences or eliminate the problem altogether. Maisto et al 417 showed that in 1999, the minimum drinking age in New Zealand was lowered from 20 to18. Consequently, in the

Client privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Client privacy - Essay Example 3 (aspe.hhs.gov ). Among the responsibilities of this agency according HIPAA Privacy rules are (CFR Â § 164.504, qtd. from cdc.gov, 2003): inform individuals about their privacy rights and how their PHI is used or disclosed; adopt and implement internal privacy policies and procedures; It is then but appropriate to come up with policies that must be strictly followed by the staff of the organization, especially the social workers. Social workers must adhere to their Code of Ethics as well as national and state policies that protect the confidentiality of patient’s records –electronic or printed. For this matter, this paper presents a guideline on sending by electronic transmission health information. In this digital age, agencies can efficiently transmit information by using technology such as electronic mail. Medical health professionals can exchange information about patients by sending images or copies of health information via e-mail. However, guidelines must be es tablished to prevent any abuse that could result to violation of privacy of patient’s records. This is the sample guideline for e-mail transmission of health information: 1.

Drinking Ticket Paper Essay Example for Free

Drinking Ticket Paper Essay It was a long, full day of work and I was ready to get back to the dorm to relax and have some fun, after all, it was my best friends birthday. We decided to go out for his birthday dinner for him and have a few drinks before we headed out. We had music cranking, we were singing and having a good end of the week party. Drinks began passing around and we took a turn for the worst, an RA outside our door smelled alcohol. Immediately the RA told us to open up to see what was going on, as if he didn’t already know, he too is a college student. So we all knew we had been caught so we let him come in to give us our punishments and go on with our soon to be sober lives. But as he walked in the room, cops decided to take a peak at what was going on. The RA told us he was upset with the cops â€Å"randomly showing up† but I didn’t believe him, and I still don’t. The cops made the RA walk us to the sinks with our pride and joy and dump it all down the drain. He was surprised as to how cooperative we were and almost let us off the hook for a violation, but realized we were income for him. So he got the breathalyzer out, skipped our rights and handed all of us drinking tickets like he’d done many times before. I have never been so upset in my life; so mad I started punching my bed and pillow. What I thought was going to be the peak of my week turned out to go down the drain just like my Wild Turkey 101. Looking back at it now, I don’t feel like it has impacted me as bad as I thought it was going to. Yes, my bank account is feeling the pain, but my hands have finally stopped hurting. I have gotten a lawyer who told me to do 24 hours of community service and take a drinking class by my court date. Not too bad, the punishment could be much worse. The drinking ticket hasn’t stopped me from going out, but it has stopped me from drinking. Since then I haven’t had a sip of alcohol at school and I actually enjoy it, watching other people do dumb stuff is just as fun as actually drinking, and it’s legal! I sure have learned my lesson just as I always do, the hard way. How this can affect my future Before this ticket ever happened, I had never thought how much a drinking ticket could really affect my life, nor did I think I would ever get one. Since the ticket I have put a lot of thought into how it can affect my near future as well as my far future. Now that I have a drinking ticket, employers could not higher me because of suspicion that I would break other laws to give him or her company a bad name. Also with this ticket I have a misdemeanor on my record. I never thought of myself being a criminal or having a bad record, but now I have one for a stupid think I did one night. Because of this being on my record, a policeman could take me to jail for something small such as a speeding ticket. The worst part of having the drinking ticket is that the school has put me on probation. I didn’t think this was a big deal because my grades are fine, but when I went to go and register for new classes I have to call the school and get my account temporarily upheld. This made registration for my class in the spring semester a lot harder than it usually is because all the classes that I wanted to take were either filled up or at a point in the day that I don’t want to be in class (8am). Because of this awful timing, I may sleep in through my classes and get a lower grade than I would like to have. One other thing that the drinking ticket has taken away from my future is that Campus Living will not hire me as a Resident Advisor because I can’t be trusted. Goals Since I have entered college I have set many goals for myself, most of these being current grades. Some of the goals that I have look into the future and those are the ones that can be most affected by this ticket. I want to maintain a 3. 0 GPA at the very lowest so that I can chose which major I want as a graduate student. This ticket has made this a lot harder to happen because of the amount of community service that I have had to do in the past few weeks, I have no spare time to relax either, but that’s what college is about. Because I am on probation with the school I couldn’t register for the classes that I wanted because I had to wait for the school to unlock my account. Because of this I now have a harder schedule and may not do as well as planned. I do believe that I can work through these classes next semester if I can manage to wake up on time. Other goals that I have at ECU is to be more involved and even president of a few clubs at the school. I have not looked into this part, but a drinking ticket could dictate whether or not I am able to run this part of the club. Since I have been at ECU I have met many friends and have had a great time, even with all the work that is contently due. I am hoping that this drinking ticket doesn’t affect my future here at school and can get taken off of my record. Since the ticket I have not had a sip of alcohol and don’t plan to until I turn 21, I think I can wait another year and a half, not a big deal in my mind. I’ll just watch other people get into trouble and make fools of themselves when they are out trying to have fun and meet new people. In a way I am sort of thankful that this has happened. I am also glad that the turnout has not been as bad as I originally thought it was going to be. I could have had to go to jail or been in far more trouble with the school, so that’s one way to look at the situation positively. I am very sorry for drinking on campus and will not let it happen again, I don’t even want to drink anymore now that I have stopped for a few months.

Tim Leary Essay -- essays research papers

Timothy Leary, also known as ‘Uncle Tim’, ‘The messiah of LSD’, and ‘The most dangerous man in America’, was born on October 22, 1920, in Springfield, Massachusetts. He went to a public high school where he discovered girls and the ability to attract attention from those in authority. After high school he attended Jesuit College Holy Cross, but Tim wasn’t satisfied with Holy Cross, so he took a test to get into West Point. He got very high marks and was accepted. Timothy was very enthused and proud to be at West Point. However, his enthusiasm faded when he realized that he was being trained not to think, but to follow. One day, on a return trip from a football game, Timothy was invited to drink with a few of the upper classmen who brought some bottles of whiskey. The illicit event was unfortunately discovered the next day, and the Cadet Honor Committee punished Tim by inflicting a kind of solitary confinement: everyone was forbidden to sp eak a word to him. A date was set for a court-martial. Timothy was aquitted in less than two minutes, which caused the disgruntled and unsatisfied Committee to maintain the silence punishment. Leary had to endure nine months of being ignored. When he became a sophomore, some of the cadet officers whom where not on the Honor Committee approached Tim to talk about the situation. They informed him that the whole business was causing morale problems. They wanted to make a deal for Tim's departure. He said that he would leave Westpoint if the honor committee would read a statement in the mess hall proclaiming his innocence. They returned two days later with an approval. Tim went back home and applied to more colleges. He was accepted to the University of Alabama where he became a psychology major. Shortly after, Tim was expelled for sleeping over at the girls’ dormitory. He was an A student. When he was kicked out of college he was sent to basic training in artillery at Fort Eusti s Virginia. The army needed psychologists, and since Tim had already started the major they let him finish his degree in the service. He was going to be stationed on an infantry boat in the south pacific. Luckily, his old friend from the University of Alabama was now the chief psychologist at the army hospital in Pennsylvania. He managed to get Tim a transfer to his hospital. 	In 1944, while training as a clinical psychologist in Pennsylvania, ... ...dia extravaganzas with live video and music. His books became graphic novels that were the products of desktop publishing and most profoundly his interests became focused towards the rise of the World Wide Web. Tim realized that this was what he was waiting for, a place where you can create and interact with your own worlds. Soon, Tim devoted his entire efforts to making his web site, http://leary.com, his home for his archives, ideas and his fans. After he learned he had inoperable prostate cancer in January of 1995, he embraced the dying experience as one of the greatest journeys of all time. He refused to become morbid and depressed over his situation. He was often entertaining guests and could often be seen at a number of events in the city in his formula one wheel chair. A home in cyberspace that can live on forever was one of Tim's last wishes. Timothy Leary was many things to many people, and he resisted most attempts to categorize himself. He often said at these times, "you get the Timothy Leary that you deserve." Overall it is accurate to call him a philosopher and a scientist, whose underlying motivations were human communication and understanding the mind.

Support Learning Activities

Describe how a learning support practitioner may contribute to the planning, delivery and review of learning. What learning support strategies have you used or could you use to meet the needs of your learners?Learning support practitioners can be an invaluable resource in the successful planning, delivery and review of learning. They can offer immeasurable support to the teacher and, most importantly, to the pupils. However, that support is only truly effective if it is organized, structured and consistent – both in terms of the learning objectives set by the teacher and the pupil’s own learning needs. There are many ways in which a learning support practitioner can contribute to the Classroom Process Cycle1 (planning > preparing > doing > reviewing etc. ) but let’s look at just some of them.Planning is essential to working efficiently and effectively as a learning support practitioner (or teaching assistant). Without planning how you intend to support the pupilà ¢â‚¬â„¢s learning you run the likely risk of not just wasting their time whilst you organise yourself, but also providing inconsistent and often conflicting or confusing messages to the children. If you are not ‘on the same page’ as the teacher then there is a possibility of inadvertently contradicting them which in turn confuses the pupil, clouding their understanding and ultimately creating obstacles to them achieving their learning objectives.This is counteractive to learning, which could not be further from the purpose of the teaching assistant role. The ways in which a learning support practitioner can contribute to the planning are numerous, from the obvious preparation of equipment and a safe environment conducive to learning to providing insightful input regarding pupil’s individual learning needs and abilities based on their own experience.Offering your own observations of effective support strategies based on your acquired knowledge of a pupil’s abilities can be a priceless resource for the teacher, who may never themselves have the chance to gain such insights into an individual child’s learning style. The opportunities for one to one time between teachers and pupils are very few and far between so the observations of a teaching assistant, who works more often with smaller groups and individuals, can be vital in providing a more in depth and detailed view into what strategies he or she thinks will work –  especially when dealing with specific or specialist learning needs.The truth is, of course, that there is never one learning strategy that works for any one child. Learning support strategies need to be fluid and the support practitioner needs to be able to adapt from one to another as and when the situation requires. You may need to remind the pupil of the teaching points, make sure they are concentrating, question them and encourage them to ask questions themselves.My own experience of working with a sma ll group preparing a presentation on the six wives of Henry VIII was that there was a constant need to continually remind the five pupils of the aim of the exercise – namely that they needed to have a finished, structured and lucid presentation at the end of it! The temptation amongst them was to concentrate on the more ‘fun’ aspects of their research (in this case tales of extra-marital affairs, incest and beheadings!) and on preparing skits and drawings but they were clearly losing sight of the fact that all this had to hang together as a coherent presentation with equal participation from each pupil.Making sure the pupils concentrated and didn’t get sidetracked, reminding them of the teaching points and giving them constant encouraging yet guiding feedback were key strategies I used in making sure the task was completed successfully. The delivery of learning support is not complete, however, until you have fed back to both the pupil and the teacher and reviewed your own success as a learning support practitioner.In feeding back to the pupil it is vital that your feedback is constructive. This does not necessarily mean it has to be positive but it is vital that it is not destructive. It should serve to encourage and help the pupil. Feeding back to the teacher is equally as important as this will provide the teacher with information as to individual pupils’ progress, any difficulties they might be having (or indeed that you might be having) and this in turn will feed into planning for the next lesson as per Wilkinson’s Classroom Process Cycle.The importance of the role of teaching assistant should not be underestimated as they provide essential support to both teachers and pupils alike. As the demands put upon teachers are increased seemingly year by year, the learning support practitioner is there to contribute to all aspects of the planning, delivery and review of learning giving a broader support structure for the t eachers and a more complete learning experience for the pupils.

Thesis on Pakistan Railways - 6300 Words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The current study remains limited in its scope as it looks at the problems faced by Pakistan Railways and there solutions not at the organization as a whole. The research is mainly made by collecting data from Peshawar amp; Nowshera railway stations and conclusions are drawn on the basis of that data. To undertake the task we went through the existing literature on Pakistan Railways and reviewed the current state of affairs through available data. Pakistan Railways have been running losses since mid-seventies. This persistent failure owes to absence of a clear direction for the organization, a pessimistic organizational ethos resulting from years of decline and political interference in decision making to the detriment†¦show more content†¦Of this 6,880 route kilometres (4,280 mi) were Broad gauge, 506 kilometres (314 mi) were Metre gauge, and 736 kilometres (457 mi) wereNarrow gauge. In 1954, the railway line was extended to Mardan and Charsada, and in 1956 the Jacobabad-Kashmore 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge line was converted into broad gauge. In 1961, the Pakistani portion of North Western Railways was renamed Pakistan Railways. The Kot Adu-Kashmore line was constructed between 1969 and 1973 providing an alternative route from Karachi to northern Pakistan. In February 2006 the Mirpur Khas-Khokhrapar 126 km metre gauge railway line was converted to broad gauge. ------------------------------------------------- Current state Pakistan, despite its moderate size, has a largely dysfunctional railway system. As of mid-2011, it was decided to stop all goods train haulage due to severe shortage of locomotives and fuel. The financially bankrupt organization, despite bailouts, has not been able to emerge out of its troubles leading to cancellation of as many as 115 railway services. The decision has left ordinary Pakistanis at the mercy of bus operators for long distance travel. As of 2011, the PR network cancelled many trains and AC services in many trains were stopped. On 29 December 2011, PR restored freight train service from Karachi to upcountry. ------------------------------------------------- Controversies Pakistan Railways has been theShow MoreRelatedThe Integration Of Indian People1882 Words   |  8 Pagesrule, so was the Aligarh Muslim University made for the upliftment and advancement of the Muslims exclusively. Both became instrumental to cause the communal divide and ultimately the division of the country into two separate dominions India and Pakistan on the basis of two nation therapy. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: History is on record that there was no serious conflicts in ancient times and people also lived in peace and harmony in the middle ages signifying that conflicts are the bane of onlyRead MoreStrategic Role of Logistics in Kazakhstan21048 Words   |  85 Pagesgenerating wealth for the country and getting more trade partners. The development of logistics will also cut the costs of the production of domestic producers which will lead the Republic to the new stage of competitiveness in the world market. The thesis is written in order to outline the perspectives and obstacles in the development of logistics in Kazakhstan. Secondary data from statistical agencies and publications is used in the research. 1. Theoretical background 2.1. Introduction Read MoreStrategic Role of Logistics in Kazakhstan21063 Words   |  85 Pagesgenerating wealth for the country and getting more trade partners. The development of logistics will also cut the costs of the production of domestic producers which will lead the Republic to the new stage of competitiveness in the world market. The thesis is written in order to outline the perspectives and obstacles in the development of logistics in Kazakhstan. Secondary data from statistical agencies and publications is used in the research. 1. Theoretical background 2.1. Introduction GeographicallyRead MoreAdministered Prices and Open Market Prices4460 Words   |  18 Pagesto source wheat, durum and barley. In an open market, rail transportation for all grain and oilseeds crops would be arranged on a similar basis as the current arrangements for non-board crops. Direct commercial agreements between shippers and railways, including advance booking of freight requirements, would be used to determine the allocation of rail capacity. How does the price mechanism operate in a free market In a free market, price is set to meet the demand which will result in theRead MoreTop Bangladeshi Business Icon6532 Words   |  27 PagesSeptember 1925. He studied at Senior Cambridge. He completed a management training course jointly sponsored and conducted by University of Dhaka and Harvard University.   Work After completing his education he returned to what was then East Pakistan and settled in Ataikula village in the Pabna district, where his father was working as a medical officer in an outdoor dispensary. In 1952 he started a small pharmacy in Ataikula village which is about 160 km off capital Dhaka in the north-west partRead MoreImpact of Globalization and Bangladesh18126 Words   |  73 PagesGLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON BANGLADESH ECONOMY A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE Strategy by RAHMAN MD FAIZUR, MAJOR, BANGLADESH M.D.S., National University of Bangladesh, 2004 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2005 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reportingRead MoreSci Damath Andoroid Game9675 Words   |  39 PagesSikkim. Recall the PLA-owned think tank’s latest article A warning to the Indian Government: Don’t be Evil, which warned India to stay away from the â€Å"path of confrontation† and not to â€Å"misjudge the situation†. The PLA has started using the Tibet railway since December 2007 and is steadily ramping up its military infrastructure (road, rail and air) capabilities in Tibet close to the Indian border for dual usage. The Tibet crisis and India’s acquiescence may have emboldened the Chinese to further assertRead MoreCommon Laboratory Operations5997 Words   |  24 Pages He also developed life saving vaccines for treating anthrax and rabies. William Ramsay(1852-1916) William Ramsay was born in Glasgow in 1852, he studied in his native town, followed by two years in Fitigs lab at Jubingen. While he was there his thesis on orthotoulic acid and its derivatives earned him degree of doctor of philosophy. After many professorships he moved in 1887 to the chair of inorganic Chemistry at University college, London. He discovered the elements known as noble gases and alsoRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 PagesUniversity, Islamabad Campus- Pakistan) Abstract : The employees go on probing better employment and environment. Organizations, on the other hand exploit new strategies for retention of best employees due to severe competition. Organizations focal point shifted from turnover to retention because of outlay efficiency. Research intention leads diverse factors including motivational, environmental and succession planning that compel employees to stay. Selecting the Pakistan Tobacco Company-Jhelum forRead MorePepsi Summer Project Report12738 Words   |  51 Pagesselect the sources of data. Data or facts may be obtained from several sources. Data sources can either be primary or secondary. A. Primary data: Collection of primary data was conducted by visiting various retail outlets for the preparation of the thesis report.  · Personal Interview  · Questionnaire. B. Secondary data: The sources from which secondary data was collected:  · Press releases of the company.  · Book, Magazines and Newspaper.  · Newsletters and in-house journals.  · Websites such

Songs of Innocence and of Experience by William Blake

William Blake writes his poems in â€Å"Songs of Innocence and of Experience† in a manner of retrospective self-analysis. Blake writes, attempting to understand the differences and paradoxes that he has observed. In his poem â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake’s artful questioning of the paradoxes in creation is exemplified. Blake poses questions that he does not answer, however his purpose is almost certainly to come to terms with creation’s idiosyncrasies, and to come to a better understanding of existence. Although it is impossible for the selected stanzas to convey the entire meaning of the poem when isolated, they are emblematic of Blake’s use of literary devices. The poem makes strong use of imagery, literary allusion, and rhetorical questioning to explore the topic. By coordinating these literary devices, Blake is able to approach creation and the paradox of good and evil with unparalleled finesse and brevity. Imagery, although central to just about any work of literature, is used to truly remarkable effect in â€Å"The Tyger†. Through the use of language that evokes images of industry, Hell, and Heaven, Blake is able to make comparisons and create a dialogue that conveys profound meaning. Within the selected stanzas imagery is used in a fashion that is absolutely synecdochic. When Blake asks â€Å"What the hammer? What the chain?† he paints a very different image of creation, opposite to the more â€Å"romantic† image that many might have had in mind. This portrayal of creation as being moreShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake Songs of Innocence Experience1256 Words   |  6 PagesSweeper† Songs of Innocence amp; Experience analysis with, William Blake In 1794 William Blake’s work was known and published as a collection of poems that were put together as one book called Songs of innocence amp; Songs of Experience. In the collection Blake titles a poem, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, and this one is viewed in two ways: Innocence and experience. In the book of innocence Blake shows how poor innocent children are being abused and mistreated during this time era. In Songs of innocenceRead MoreWilliam Blake in Contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience1452 Words   |  6 PagesEN 222-Intro to British Lit. II April 21, 2012 William Blake in contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience William Blake, an engraver, exemplified his passion for children through his many poems. Blake lived in London most of his life and many fellow literati viewed him as eccentric. He claimed to have interactions with angels and prophets, which had a great influence on his outlook of life. Blake believed all prominent entities, those being church, state, and government had become sick withRead MoreWilliam Blake s Songs Of Innocence And Experience1268 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Experience, printed in 1794, â€Å"represents the world as it is envisioned by what he calls ‘two contrary states of the human soul’† (Greenblatt, 1452). This collection of poetry is accompanied by pictures, which create a mutually reliant relationship that allows for complete understanding of Blake’s works. â€Å"To read a Blake poem without the pictures is to miss something important: that relationship is an aspect of the poem’s argumen t† (1452). Overall, Blake’s worksRead MoreSongs Of Innocence And Of Experience By William Blake Analysis868 Words   |  4 PagesSongs of Innocence and of Experience is the foundation of the work of one of the greatest. English poets and artists. The two sets of poems reveal what William Blake calls â€Å"the two contrary states of the human soul.† In both series, he offers clues to deeper meanings and suggests ways out of the apparent trap of selfhood, so that each reading provides greater insight and understanding, not only to the poems but also to human life. Throughout this poem, the logic of this poem favors experience ratherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Songs Of Innocence And Experience By William Blake1208 Words   |  5 Pagespoet William Blake. It was a city with no hope for poor people, and the government and church did little to help this. Among the poor were children working in slave-like conditions to feed their families and going to charity schools. Bl ake puts these children at the center of his piece to show the hypocritical nature of the church and how innocent people are suffering from it. He takes on two angles from the same topic: the event of Holy Thursday. By examining it from the lens of innocence, thenRead MoreThe Songs Of Innocence And Experience William Blake Analysis1751 Words   |  8 Pagesreligions have different gods, traditions, and ceremonies, but they all have one thing in common; people take different viewpoints of a religion to fit into their mindset. William Blake uses this idea to express how he believes people see Christianity and God. In his series named â€Å"The Songs of Innocence and Experience,† Blake creates the image of opposing views of similar situations. The poems show the views of the innocent and the experienced. The innocent takes on the roles to show how naivetyRead MoreSongs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by William Blake Essay example1126 Words   |  5 PagesUpon reading Wil liam Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, a certain parallel is easily discerned between them and Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Blake, considered a radical thinker in his time, is today thought to be an important and seminal figure in the literature of the Romantic period. Being such a figure he has no doubt helped to influence many great thinkers throughout history, one of whom I believe is Carroll. There are many instances throughout Carroll’sRead MoreSongs of Good and Evil1545 Words   |  7 Pagesall describe William Blake’s life (Greenblatt, Abrams, Lynch, Stillinger). Blake was born November 28, 1757 in London, England and his artistic ability became evident in his early years. Blake had a very simple upbringing and had little education. His formal education was in art and at the age of fourteen he entered an apprenticeship with a well-known engraver who taught Blake his skills in engraving. In Blakeâ€℠¢s free time, he began reading writing poetry. At the age of twenty-one, Blake completed hisRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Tyger1132 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Tragedies William Blake wrote a set of poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Some of the poems in each collection were meant to be read together to show the difference between innocence and experience. Many people question why Blake wrote a two part series to his poems and what they could actually mean. Two specific poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† were meant to be read together. â€Å"The Lamb† is a part of Blake’s Songs of Innocence andRead MoreEssay on Biography of William Blake1631 Words   |  7 Pagesinspire your work and success. William Blake was a famous artist, engraver and poet. However, it was not until 1863 that he became famous when Alexander Gilchrist published his biography(Blake, William, and Geoffrey Keynes).Blake and his poetry have been compared to Shakespeare (Kathleen Raine). As an artist Blake was equated to Michelangelo. Being born during the time of both the American and French Revolution, Willia m Blake was against both the Church and the State. Blake was a Dualist, believing the

Matching a Painting and a Musical Composition Essay

Essays on Matching a Painting and a Musical Composition Essay The paper "Matching a Painting and a Musical Composition" is an outstanding example of a music essay. The Primal Moves presents a collaboration of diversely significant classical compositions of famous musicians and composers depicting the role of music in expressing various emotions (anger, sorrow, happiness, and wonder). It aimed to discover the role of primal moves (roles, rituals, and recreation) in providing the needed inspiration to design and create a â€Å"multidimensional sound world†. The emotional roots provided listeners with the opportunity to enjoy and reflect on the music that matches a particular emotion. The choices composed by composers such as Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Rachmaninov, Adams, Strauss, Ravel, and Brahms, among others were distinctly exemplary and fitted to the colors and emotions. Michael Thomas, the musical director of the San Francisco Symphony emphasized classical music’s ability to interpret and manifest all facets of life through its mu sical expression.It uses primal moves as the framework and basis for all its creations and compositions weaving together the raw emotions and pure expression of feelings of joy, anger, hope, fear, and a lot more.The experience of matching a painting and a musical composition to come up with a slideshow presentation is most enlivening and challenging as one would like to give appropriate justification to these works of art. The use of music, after all, is to assist in building emotions, tensions, and suspense. Music also provides a multitude of facets in one’s life which people can relate to and experience on a personal level. The ability of music to satisfy and pacify an individual’s mood makes it an indispensable part of each person’s life.

Construction Innovation and Process Improvement Cost and Time of Prod

Questions: The UK Government Construction strategy 2025 sets out an ambition to see the construction sector reduce cost of project delivery, half the time for delivery and substantially reduce environmental impact. Make a business case for a major public sector client on how they can achieve cost and time reduction targets through accelerated project and programme delivery. Drawing upon the best practice case studies, provide a critique on the following topics:Critically evaluate how construction should be approached as a repetitive production task, instead of as one-off project. Clearly discuss role of off-site construction in achieving production thinking. Cite practical examples and document best practice in use of production thinking for Transportation Infrastructure clients; Critically discuss how construction programmes can be accelerated. Evaluate various planning tools/techniques and how they could help achieve faster construction delivery. Discuss practical examples where some aspect o f project/programme was accelerated to achieve project completion on a shorter schedule; Review key challenges (e.g. Project Risks, Environmental impact, Quality Management, Health and Safety) in achieving accelerated construction delivery. How can these challenges be addressed? What are key lessons learned from past Lean deployments in this context?Key issues of consideration in the hand-over of the project to the client, bearing in mind the clients needs and expectations as captured in the project brief; Evaluate how creating smooth flow of data could help maximise asset performance across the asset life-cycle; andCritical analysis of any good or bad project management practices and recommendations for improvements in technological, organisational or process oriented areas in light of recent developments in the area of Building Information Modelling, off-site construction and Lean Design and Construction. Answers: Introduction The UK Government Construction strategy 2025 sets out an ambition to see the construction sector reduce cost of project delivery, half the time for delivery and substantially reduce environmental impact. Regarding this fact, a critical analysis will be presented in this section considering the possible ways of time and cost reduction for construction case of major public sector client. One of the best ways of reducing the cost of construction phase is by introducing repetitive production task. The number of labor and time required for completion will be very less by such method. Traditional method includes one-off project or job production, which includes one task at a time and hence both time and cost related resources are consumed in huge amount (Eadie et al. 2013). Off-site construction creates the project mapping and according to that separate modules of buildings are produced in different locations for fluid construction of building. The latest tools and techniques that construction sector has to use for faster construction are precast flat panel system, 3D volumetric construction, tunnel form, flat slabs, hybrid concrete construction, thin joint masonry, insulating concrete formwork and precast foundations (McGeorge and Zou 2012). Most of the tools are produced off-site to form robust structures. External and internal volumetric structures are done off-site and are then transferred to onsite location for reducing time of construction. Key challenges of construction projects are related to project risks, environmental impact, health and safety and quality management. With rapid repetitive construction, the heavy machineries are running 24 hours, which creates impact on the environment such as with the emission of carbon and noise (Robson, Boyd and Thurairajah 2014). The labors that are under direct impact are the most affected. As critical path method is followed for managing best time, hence with the change of productions constraints affect the time of project completion. Lessons learnt from lean deployments will be presented further in the discussion. With repetitive construction process, some critical areas are not properly focused and monitored as the time is too much limited (Ness and Green 2013). As different site engineers are allocated, hence expectation and monitoring differs. As the client does not interfere in monthly project construction, hence at the end it is often found that the clients expectation is not met. The core asset for construction is found to be underperforming, as the data is not smoothly flowed. Irregular flow of data makes the functioning of core asset to be limited, which is projected in the asset life cycle. The two most widely used project management practices are job manufacturing and repetitive manufacturing. Though repetitive manufacturing is considered to be beneficial for limiting resource consumption, still there are issues related to the quality of project (Potts and Ankrah 2014). With rapid and continuous construction, quality factors may not be focused as both the time and cost is less and any increase will affect the budget. As projects are done in contractual basis, hence the contractor tries to limit the resource to such extent that more profits are earned. Such constraints are reflected after the project completion, which may affect in the expectation of client. Further related discussions will be presented critically as the assignment continues. Approach for construction There are two main approaches for construction specialized by the government of UK. These are repetitive production task and one-off project. Repetitive Production Task and One-off project Top construction projects require a huge amount of cost, labor and raw materials. On the other hand, raw material supplies are kept in different location other than the project site. Thus, the construction is followed in different period for smooth functioning of core machines. In repetitive production, the project related tasks are never kept in held. The contractor is always engaged in disintegrating tasks to the workers in shifts. The construction is carried on throughout the day and thus, the core machines are under more pressure. According to Harris and McCaffer (2013), in repetitive production, the main advantage is that the time consumption is very less than one-off production. On the other hand, Vernikos et al. (2013) has pointed out that in repetitive production, the quality of project is reduced. It is sure that if more time is given to a construction then the quality of output will be enhanced. Thus, the main problem in repetitive construction is that the quality of production is reduced. In one-off production or Job Production, the projects are disintegrated into parts. Only after completion of one sector of the project, the new sector is started. Thus, it can be identified that one-off construction requires more time than repetitive production. On the other hand, McGeorge and Zou (2012) pointed out that in job production, the amount of labor is also required in more amount as each group of contractor is associated with one particular construction. On the other hand, Jang, Lee and Lee (2013) pointed out that job production is the best method of production as the quality of project is highly restored. Serial number Factor One-off production Repetitive production 1 Capital Higher capital requirement due to disintegrated tasks Lower capital requirement due to centralized production 2 Labor More labor for each segments Less labor is required as same labor does multiple tasks 3 Time More time is required as after completion of one segment, new segment is processed Much less time, as each of the project segments are processed simultaneously 24 hours 4 Quality High quality of production as each segment of project is investigated before completion Lower quality, as supervision and inspection is done rapidly 5 Innovation Highest scope of construction related innovation as there is more time Negligible innovation as construction is done in the method instructed by the contractor Table 1: Comparison of Repetitive Construction and One-off construction (Source: Mihara et al. 2014) From the above critical analysis, it can be addressed that for UK government, repetitive production is beneficial as the amount of time requirement is lower. Moreover, as amount of time requirement for batch or repetitive production is lower, hence, the cost of resources handling is quite lower than job production. Only one thing has to be kept in mind is that the quality of production has to be increased in repetitive production. Increase in quality can be best addressed by off-site construction and there will be several innovative tools that will enhance the construction process. Role of Off-site Construction Off-site Construction is the designing, planning, assembling and fabricating building of elements at one particular location, which is other than the final installation location that supports efficient and rapid construction of a permanent structure. Through Off-site construction, separate project designs and building elements are processed in different location other than final installation location. According to Eadie et al. (2013), the Off-site construction location is far from urban area, where the main construction is done there that required huge supplies and labor. The real manufacturing is done in the area in accordance to the building requirement. On the other hand, Robson, Boyd and Thurairajah (2014) pointed out that the finished designs and structures from Off-site construction are transferred to the on-site final construction location, where those are fitted and combined to form the final structure. This kind of construction is best for repetitive projects, so that time r equirement is quite lower than Job Production. According to Sarhan and Fox (2013), Off-site construction is the most suitable for multi-story wood construction, health care facilities, and steel framed structures and for large-scale military projects. The benefits of offsite production are: Serial Number Benefits Explanation 1 Efficiency and predictability The construction process is the same every time and hence if there is any alteration in outcome then necessary measures will be taken instantly, thereby ensuring Efficiency and predictability. 2 Safety The variables such as weather and visibility do not affect the primary construction of designs and structures. Therefore, as the factors are constant, hence any changes in outcome are instantly ascertained. 3 Sustainability This type of construction requires very less energy and machinery. Transportation of finished products to the final site utilizes minimum vehicles and thus wastage is minimized. Material requirements are easily calculated which allows the organization to save more by buying in bulk. 4 Less labor In the type of factory setting, less amount of labors are required. The Steel Construction Institute (SCI) has declared that labor requirement can be reduced by 75 % for the four-storey residential building, which is a huge amount of saving. 5 Less training Offsite construction is much lengthy process, where the deep insight of the construction is seen. The basics and hurdles of construction is found and thus, giving training to employees is very much easy. 6 No disruption to residents Most of the offsite constructions are done is lonely and separated areas where there are very less livelihood. Thus, the residents are not hampered and their existence is maintained. Table 2: Benefits of Off-site Construction (Source: Loosemore 2016) Transportation Infrastructure clients With the help of off-site construction, the designs are transferred to the onsite locations in every day basis. With the increasing demand of prefabrication of elements with affordable quality, corporate sector constructions are best suitable by off-site construction. For example, in UK, the residential buildings projects are covering 31% of total construction projects and the rest is covering corporate sector projects. The utilization of off-site project construction covers more than 62% of other types of project management. Thus, it can be understood that with the help of off-site construction, the configured and structured elements are carried to the onsite location. This reduces the cost of inventory and safety of fabricated designs prior to the transportation. The clients are able to inspect the materials and designs and finally those are transported, which reduces the cost of production and construction. Acceleration of construction programmes Construction programmes can be accelerated by innovation. The latest method of production includes modern method of construction, which helps in offering concrete solutions by reducing construction times and by promoting sustainable development. According to Potter (2015), precast flat panel system helps in producing wall and floor units off-site in a factory and even erected on-site to figure out robust structure formation, which is ideal for all cellular projects that are repetitive. Panels include windows, doors, finishes and services. Envelop panels are created with factory fitted insulation that offers accuracy and quality together with speed of erection on-site. On the other hand, Ness and Green (2013) pointed out that 3D volumetric construction helps in producing three dimensional unites that are controlled by factory conditions before transporting those to sites. Thus, this procedure is flexible enough as variety of basic structure formations are brought to the site in a form of assembly. Service intensive units with high repetition degree make the on-site construction highly reliable. According to Walker (2015), formwork system with tunnel form allows the contractor to build monolithic walls in the daily operational cycle. Accuracy, quality and speed is combined together to produce ready-mix concrete with economically flexible cast in-situ construction. Such constructions are helpful in apartments, hotels, blocks and accommodations. On the other hand, Kelly, Male and Graham (2014) pointed that hybrid concrete construction is the best suitable form of construction as it includes cast in-situ construction that combines hybrid frames for better construction speed, economy and quality. HCC method helps in solving client demands for higher quality and lower costs by providing simple, competitive and buildable structures offering consistent quality and performance. Evaluation of planning tools and techniques The planning tools and techniques for faster construction will be discussed critically in the following section. According to Shah, Walsh and Ross (2013), project manager must consider several activities and tasks for accomplishing project deliverables. Any risk related factor that differ actual outcome from expected outcome is ascertained in risk management tool. The PEST and SLEPT model analysis is required for analyzing technological and social risks, which helps in identifying controllable and uncontrollable risks at each stage of construction. On the other hand, Bassi et al. 2012) pointed out that regular risk related audits help in identifying and estimating consequences and likelihood. They also believe that risk register helps in identifying risks that are ranked and prioritized and the significance of each risk is documented, that helps in quantifying construction. According to Berardi (2012), quantified plan of action such as budgeting itemizes project expenditure and income that lists all expenses and income. Rezazadeh et al. (2014) added that budget control helps in comparison of actual results to quantify deviations and variances from project plan. Thus, it can be understood that budget committee helps in consolidating production of different budgets in departmental manner, which acts as the tool for project regulation. According to Rostami et al. (2015), Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) helps in disintegrating a whole project into different stages with different timeframe and budget. This helps in improving budgeting and efficiency in planning. WBS helps in precise conjecture of plan conscription to save cost. On the other hand, Potts and Ankrah (2014) pointed out that Gantt Charts help in accomplishing best project outcomes as it shows estimation of project requirement. Through Gantt Charts, the most proficient progression of realizing actions can be understood. WBS helps in exceptional reporting that forecast more accurately in saving costs. Following is the simplified picture of Gantt chart. Figure 1: Gantt Chart during off-site construction (Source: Ness and Green 2013) According to Tutt et al. (2013), Gantt Charts methods are poor time management tools, as those cannot work at the time of complex and lengthy projects. They even believe that large projects are having high interdependency between various tasks such as some activities cannot start with the completion of previous activities. Thus, the Critical Path Method (CPM) displays more logical and sequential timing of reach activity. CPM method communicates interdependency of activities leading to effective time management for large and complex projects. On the other hand, Khosrowshahi and Arayici (2012) pointed out that number of resources required for project overtime is viewed by Resource Histogram procedure. These are normally presented by bar charts that act as the most effective tool for coordinating project staff and resource planning. According to Thakore, Goulding and Toogood (2013), the most simplified yet effective tool of project management is Project Initiation Document (PID). The contents of the project consisting of terms of references, scope and goals of project, organizational team structure, time and cost estimates and the overview of related risks in the project is presented by the PID. Further, Fewings (2013) pointed out that project planning document (PPD) acts as the reference tool at the beginning of the project that is related with quality control procedures and policies. Furthermore, Costin, Pradhananga and Teizer (2012) pointed out that Project Management Software (PMS) helps in project scheduling, budgeting and controlling cost, coordination and communication, work breakdown structure and risk management, which covers all the tools for effective project completion. Earned Value Management (EVM) is the system that combines cost performance and scheduling of each of the project activities so that the best outcome is generated (Herbane 2013). This is the systematic project management decision-making and controlling process that helps in early warning of performance problems. For example, if the construction of a building is considered, by the off-site production method, then it can be said that WBS method is one of the most impactful process that helps in identifying the types of costs and activities that are required for project completion Radosavljevic and Bennett 2012). The available resources are compared with the amount of time required for project processing and thereby reducing the labor and cost requirement of the project. The above described project management tools are very much necessary for a contractor so that all the resources can be allocated under one unit and then can be disintegrated into several activities for off-site production in project management. Review of key challenges There are several key challenges against completion of projects related to project risks, Environmental impact and health and safety of workers. Risks In repetitive construction, Tight project schedule is maintained so that time consumption is maintained. According to Grefen, Pernici and Sanchez (2012), formulating appropriate schedule in the feasibility phase is less constructive in project delivery. Thus, the calculation of resources is never accurate in repetitive construction method, which ensures a certain amount of risk, and the calculation of such risks delays the delivery time. On the other hand, Thirkell and Ashman (2014) contradicted that risks related to contractors such as Unsuitable construction program planning results in inadequate scheduling of program. As a result, the scheduling of construction is delayed and the clients are not able to relate the work breakdown structure. Environmental Impact According to Vernikos et al. (2014), reparative construction process involves high amount air pollution in the off-sire location. Most of the off-site location falls under the rural areas in the UK. Thus, with increasing amount of off-site location constructions, more amount of toxicity covers fresh air, which is degrading the society. On the other hand, Wright (2015) contradicted that with increased amount of off-site construction, huge amount of supplies are required, and as a result, a lot of vehicles run the highway raising noise pollution in the rural areas, degrading the environment of the location. Furthermore, Grefen, Pernici and Snchez, (2012) pointed out that the most impactful environmental degradation is due to the wastes from off-site factories. At the time of welding and burning at blast furnace, huge amount of carbon is emitted those impacts in environmental degradation. Finally, Holt Goulding and Akintoye (2014) pointed out that with increasing amount of offsite facto ries, the amount of bare land is consumed leading to deforestation and finally environmental degradation. Thus, it can be said that with increasing amount of repetitive construction, the environment is greatly degraded resulting in noise pollution, air pollution and rising level of toxicity. Quality Management According to Chi, Kang and Wang (2013), with increasing level of repetitive construction, the quality of projects are decreasing. This is because the supervisors are failing to check the designs that are coming in lot from the off-site location. The time of construction is very less, hence the supervisors are not able inspect the fitting and quality of supplies and has to depend on suppliers trust. On the other hand, Meng (2012) pointed out that quality management has raised its level from the past as huge number of automated machinery and 3D technology has been introduced in construction. With laser technology, factories are able to find out the different quality related issues that help in concrete project management. Heal and Safety According to Giesekam et al. (2014), with decreased time consumption for repetitive projects, there is more pressure on the employees. The amount of training time is reduced for the workers and thus they are involved with more accidental issues such as hurting from falling objects, cutting and bleeding of arms and even lung contamination due to inhalation of carbon. On the other hand, Day (2013) pointed out that most of the workers, who are related with welding and blast furnace, are directly under heat radiation, that impacts in their health. Addressing Challenges According to Backebjrk and Johansson (2013), faster delivery of projects can be only achieved by repetitive construction and for that, off-site factories need to develop qualified design. Often it is found that contractors are only able to find the mistakes in prefabrication after the elements are transferred in onsite location. Thus, any further rectification takes longer time in project delivery, which increases delivery time. On the other hand, Killip (2013) pointed out that environmental factors could be mitigated if waste management is properly taken care of by disposing those in covered areas. It has been also pointed out that carbon emission is the most impactful, which can only be addressed by blast furnace filtering and combustion departments regulation within the factories, so that emission of smoke is reduced. Due to such reasons, job manufacturing is considered that will reduce the environmental degradation and even reduce health and safety of workers. According to Lee et al. (2012), health and safety of workers can be only reduced by limiting the working hours and allowing protective outfits from heat emission. It is also the fact that in off-site factories, the inventory and warehousing is too much populated and often accidents occurs resulting health and safety issues. In such cases, cranes and robotic arms has to be included for lifting and carrying heavy iron and wood bars. On the other hand, Maguire and Hardy (2013) pointed out that health and safety related issues in construction could be much reduced if the workers are properly trained and even if the working hours are made limited, then surely the amount of accidents can be reduced. Lean Management According to Fadiya et al. (2013), the times spend on capability and working often turns negatively in project improvements. The lean deployment method has been found to be highly time consuming as it takes huge time to find out the problem in project and even the more time in finding out the real causes of such problem. On the other hand, Toth and Vigo (2014) pointed out that, even if the problems and causes are identified then also the necessary improvements are not done in required time frame, as the management is not able to take any step. According to Berardi (2012), in lean management, workers are given the capability to do experiments to find out the best solution of smart working by saving time. This results in delaying the activities, as some of the experiments fail to succeed. On the other hand, according to Nieto-Morote and Ruz-Vila (2012), the benefits of time invested and resource requirement is achieved after a huge time, thus to find out whether complete usage of waste is done, takes a huge period of time. Thus, the concept of lean deployment is not taken into account by much of the construction departments. The concept of lean management is both time consuming and cost effective, where the outcome is achieved after a long time period. These are the key lessons learned from past lean management. Handing over project to client According to Tutt et al. (2013), the contractor of the project needs to have a detailed project meeting to discuss about the project handover process where that the client needs to agree on requirements and outcomes. Zanni, Soetanto and Ruikar (2014) pointed out that project handover meeting must consist of the following that will cover up necessary requirements before four weeks of project delivery: Reason and introduction of meeting CAD information Detail collection of equipment and plant asset Manuals for maintenance Prescribed essential safety and health features and measures (PESHFM) preservation during Defects liability period After hours callout and defect management Commissioning and outcome systems operational training planning Certificates and licenses Guarantees and warranties Information verification for space utilization Systems security The above discussed points will carry out the most necessity factors so that client get satisfied and aware of the type of construction that will be delivered. Any kind of issue is generally clarified at the end of the meeting and thus, and grievances are sorted out. Moreover, if the client is not satisfied with any dimension, then the contractor with necessary upgradations clarifies the factor. On the other hand, Hughes, P. and Ferrett (2015) pointed out that not only clarification with client is required, but also at the same time, stakeholders meeting are to be called so that any clarification is processed out. Smooth Flow of data According to Shiers et al. (2014), smooth flow of data regarding large construction can be only processed by web-based information flow modeling. Information flow will be carried out from the off-site construction to on-site construction and the clients will share any virtual imaging on so that smooth functioning of the structure is carried out. On the other hand, Akintoye (2012) pointed out that, there are several ways, apart from web-based integration, which will help in smooth flow of data in construction system. Such ways are excavation, foundation and super structure, gravel pit, batching plant, and workshop. Smooth flowing of data includes smooth operational process such as tripper trucks excavation, transportation to land filling sites, transport machinery to sites. The superstructure of construction has to be integrated enough that will include hook loaders, flatbed trucks, mobile cranes and several other concrete pumps and compressors. According to Zanni Soetanto and Ruikar (2014), if working flow is integrated enough, then site engineers will be able to share the requirements of each activity from work breakdown structure. The communication will be done by web-based system and thus, real-time information sharing will be ensured. On other hand, Berardi (2012) contradicted that web-based communication will be only served by high tech networking system and thus, approval from sponsors will be required. The technologies will increase the cost of construction but will reduce the wastes. Thus, from the above it can be identified that connected network will surely ensure the smooth flow of data so that communication is ensured. With timely communication, the contractor will be able to justify the working procedure and thus, any derailing will be mitigated. According to Holt, Goulding and Akintoye (2014), if the off-site construction delivers the virtual images to the onsite location, then, the construction quality will be enhanced and thus, the client will be highly satisfied. The clients will be surely satisfied if the project deliverables are shared to them from time to time. Good and Bad Project Management Practices Some of the best project management practices in construction are related to planning, project workplan, project management practices, managing scope and managing risks. According to Shah, Walsh and Ross (2013), planning of project has to be done by utilizing project definition document. Most of the construction development projects are started by directly jumping on to the beginning of the work. On the other hand, Ness and Green (2013) contradicted that with early starting of projects the contractors are able to reduce the time of construction and thereby gain more time of mitigating risk. Robson, Boyd and Thurairajah (2014) contradicted that if risk has to be mitigated then proper early planning of construction base has to be carried out by the contractors. Thus, it can be said that the best project management practices can be only entertained by proper planning of project, which has to be carried out by the following processes. Serial Number Planning Process Explanation 1 Project overview Determination of exchange migration Determination of supplier drivers Determination of repetitive construction benefits 2 Objectives To determine the degree of outcome from repetitive construction 3 Scope Features of technology that is to be implemented Production units that are to be covered Out of scope specifications 4 Assumptions and risks Events that are taken for granted Events that are under concern Implementation of right hardware in the infrastructure Determination of storage and accommodation facility 5 Approach Process of project migration, mitigation, proceeding and unfolding 6 Construction unit Significant roles of project Identification of project manager and sponsor 7 Signature page Requirement of approval from project manager and other stakeholders 8 Effort, cost and duration Determination of cost for each activity and estimated workplan budget Table 3: Project Planning Process (Source: Jang, Lee and Lee 2013) According to Sarhan and Fox (2013), project workplan is related to creation of planning horizon, which sis just after the planning of project. The project workplan is a systematic instruction for construction of project deliverables and project management. The workplan has to be uniquely constructed as each construction is somehow different the other. On the other hand, Kelly, Male and Graham (2014) contradicted that workplan model has to be created in such a way that is similar to past projects. This reduces the possible risks in future. Furthermore, Shah, Walsh and Ross (2013) pointed out that the best procedure is to create the work-breakdown structure and network diagram for a project so that individual activities can be taken care. Thus, it can be understood that for a good construction project, a detailed workplan has to be created that will assign and estimate future workouts for best construction. After the planning horizon, the project has to be laid off to higher level that reflects the increased level of uncertainty. High-level actions that were primarily indistinguishable necessitate to be defined in additional point, as their timeframe gets nearer. According to Grefen, Pernici and Snchez (2012), project management procedures are too much important to outline the resources, which will be required to manage the project. The project team is consisted of contractors, suppliers and other stakeholders. Thus, it is required for the project management team to have the common understanding of the project and each of the project deliverables. On the other hand, Potts and Ankrah (2014) pointed out that project management procedures consist of managing workplan and monitoring of schedule according to the budget. Activities cannot be separated out individually and thus all the stakeholders and managers has to quantify the relation of project deliverables. According to Thakore, Goulding and Toogood (2013), though the project planning identifies the construction project and scheduling, still it becomes a challenge for the team to execute the plan. The planning and procedure and the estimation that was thought off earlier can never execute a project in the most effective way. On the other hand, Holt, Goulding and Akintoye (2014) pointed out that there are several ways by which the project can be progressed effectively, among which the best methods are reviewing work plan in regular basis, and determination of terms of schedule according to budget. The frequency of reviewing must be not be less than thirteen days. On the other hand, Backebjrk and Johansson (2013) pointed out that there is a high possibility that segregated activities will be delayed due to unavoidable circumstances and for that critical activities of project is generally given more time than the others. Thus, certain tasks that were not completed in the previous actives are required to be adjusted in next activity schedule so that the overall delivery of the project is not delayed. Furthermore, Berardi (2012) pointed out that amount of money that needs to be spend in one particular activity has to be quantified with proactive approach so that compensation of one activity is done by the other activity. According to Priven and Sacks (2016), one of the most impactful procedures of deviating the bad project management to good management is done by concentrating on the small variance of schedule. A small variance in budget or schedule tends to get bigger especially in the early stage of the project. Zanni, Soetanto and Ruikar (2014) pointed out that if the tendencies are not properly looked up then surely the changes will be unrecoverable. On the other hand, Thakore, Goulding and Toogood (2013) pointed out that the most impactful reason for delaying the project is done by unscheduled overtime for recovering the delayed time of past events. This results in diminishing the morale of the team. Khosrowshahi and Arayici (2012) pointed out that quality control steps, project management time and testing activities starts to be cut back from the primary plan, so that project management practice is ensured effectively. According to Radosavljevic and Bennett (2012), most of the projects fail just because of the reason that project team working on minor and major deliverables that were primarily not on the part of main project scheduling. Most of the big construction projects require more than one sponsor and there are a lot of stakeholders. Thirkell and Ashman (2014) pointed out that the stakeholders have several demands such as online chat services, increase of size limits for mailboxes and many other technological improvements that will uplift the communication style. According to Holt, Goulding and Akintoye (2014), the contractors often try to change the sponsors who frequently demands for changes in technology, but for good construction, the most important factor is to allow the sponsors to have flexibility on communication and coordination. Thus, project manager has to ensure scope-change decisions and teams approval for making changes. On the other hand, approval from the sponsor is required for making changes in project management technology, as they are the only ones who add funding to cover the changes in project. On the other hand, Day (2013) pointed out that scope change management is restored by Scope Creep process, which helps in defining a good project management, as the new deliverables and small scope changes are identified by the project managers. Scope Creep is an expression used to classify a succession of little scope changes, which are made to the plan exclusive of scope-change management actions being used. Backebjrk and Johansson (2013) pointed out that none of the scope changes affects the project individually, but collectively those influence in the project delivery. Thus, for good project management, the project manager has to be diligent in guarding against it. Recommendations for Improvement According to Wright (2015), Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility, this helps in building virtual representation of technical drawings that extends beyond 3D. BIM technology includes the five dimensions, which are width, height and depth along with time and cost. Thirkell and Ashman (2014) pointed out that for virtual representation of the whole project, virtual-design-to-construction manager, VDC project manager will be required, and thus, the project team will construct the multi-disciplinary information models. According to Rostami et al. (2015), off-site construction carries out batch production so that cost of production is reduced. Thus, the project manager of on-site construction requires vision the off-site construction progress so that any changes in fabrication can be addressed in the initial stages, which will lead to reduction in lead-time. On the other hand, Owolabi et al. (2014) pointed out that off-site labors are not adequately trained as it is expected that with course of time, the workers will come to know about the construction. Thus, it is recommended to indulge more time in training the workers. According to Sarhan and Fox (2013), lean management is too much beneficial for manufacturing companies who have the same base of manufacturing and thus they are able to keep the track of wastes. It is recommended that for lean management, bulk supplies are to be ensured, which will reduce the cost of procurement and will adjust the expenses for waste management for large-scale construction. Conclusion From the above critical analysis, it is evident that UK Government will be able to reduce the cost and time of production only if the repetitive production is followed. It has been identified that cost of production is lower in repetitive construction, but the quality is reduced in such process. Thus, from the critical evaluation, it has been identified that web-based technologies need to be incorporated with BIM approach. Automated machinery and virtual communication technologies need to be incorporated in future in between the off-site and on-site locations. In order to enhance the construction programs, several tools and technologies are to be included for project management such as Work Breakdown Structure, Gantt Charts, and Critical Path Methods. It has been also identified that repetitive construction will be supported by off-site construction and as bulk supplies are ensured, hence the cost of procurement will be lower. Finally, the construction process must ensure the complia nce of health and safety laws and environment protection policies so that sustainable construction is ensured. In order to ensure that clients will be satisfied with the project delivery, certain meetings are to be carried out so that project outcomes are shared prior to delivery. On the other hand, it has been identified that asset life cycle can be extended only if the progress of activities are checked from time to time. Reference List Akintoye, A., 2012.Construction innovation and process improvement. John Wiley Sons. Backebjrk, R. and Johansson, I., 2013. Can a Knowledge Sharing Model be built for the Construction Industry-A Case Study of Knowledge Management at Skanska UK.Examensarbeten i Technology Management. Bassi, A., Howard, R., Geneletti, D. and Ferrari, S., 2012. UK and Italian EIA systems: A comparative study on management practice and performance in the construction industry.Environmental Impact Assessment Review,34, pp.1-11. Berardi, U., 2012. Sustainability assessment in the construction sector: rating systems and rated buildings.Sustainable Development,20(6), pp.411-424. Chi, H.L., Kang, S.C. and Wang, X., 2013. Research trends and opportunities of augmented reality applications in architecture, engineering, and construction.Automation in construction,33, pp.116-122. Costin, A., Pradhananga, N. and Teizer, J., 2012. Leveraging passive RFID technology for construction resource field mobility and status monitoring in a high-rise renovation project.Automation in Construction,24, pp.1-15. Day, A.N., 2013. Is risk management just black magic or a vehicle for success?: a comparative study of the approach to risk management between the UK construction and British nuclear industry. Eadie, R., Browne, M., Odeyinka, H., McKeown, C. and McNiff, S., 2013. BIM implementation throughout the UK construction project lifecycle: An analysis.Automation in Construction,36, pp.145-151. Fadiya, O.O., Georgakis, P., Chinyio, E. and Akadiri, P., 2013. Analysing the perceptions of UK building contractors on the contributors to the cost of construction plant theft.Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction,18(2), pp.128-141. Fewings, P., 2013.Construction project management: an integrated approach. Routledge. Giesekam, J., Barrett, J., Taylor, P. and Owen, A., 2014. The greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options for materials used in UK construction.Energy and Buildings,78, pp.202-214. Grefen, P., Pernici, B. and Snchez, G. eds., 2012.Database support for workflow management: the WIDE project(Vol. 491). Springer Science Business Media. Harris, F. and McCaffer, R., 2013.Modern construction management. John Wiley Sons. Herbane, B., 2013. Exploring Crisis Management in UK Small and Medium Sized Enterprises.Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management,21(2), pp.82-95. Holt, G.D., Goulding, J. and Akintoye, A., 2014. Interrelationships between theory and research impact: Views from a survey of UK academics.Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,21(6), pp.674-696. Hughes, P. and Ferrett, E., 2015.Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction: For the NEBOSH National Certificate in Construction Health and Safety. Routledge. Jang, W.S., Lee, S.U. and Lee, D.E., 2013. Identifying the perception on the introducing of Construction Management (CM) in the civil infrastructure project delivery system.Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,14(1), pp.91-100. Kelly, J., Male, S. and Graham, D., 2014.Value management of construction projects. John Wiley Sons. Khosrowshahi, F. and Arayici, Y., 2012. Roadmap for implementation of BIM in the UK construction industry.Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,19(6), pp.610-635. Killip, G., 2013. Transition management using a market transformation approach: lessons for theory, research, and practice from the case of low-carbon housing refurbishment in the UK.Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy,31(5), pp.876-892. Lee, U.K., Yoo, W.S., Kim, D.I., Kim, T.H., Cha, M.S. and Cho, H.H., 2012. Improvement of estimating method for construction management service fee by case study.Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,13(4), pp.16-24. Loosemore, M., 2016. Social procurement in UK construction projects.International Journal of Project Management,34(2), pp.133-144. Maguire, S. and Hardy, C., 2013. Organizing processes and the construction of risk: A discursive approach.Academy of Management Journal,56(1), pp.231-255. McGeorge, D. and Zou, P.X., 2012.Construction management: new directions. John Wiley Sons. Meng, X., 2012. The effect of relationship management on project performance in construction.International journal of project management,30(2), pp.188-198. Mihara, H., Kurokawa, M., Hughes, W. and Hojo, T., 2014. The Comparison of Construction Management Curricula in Universities between the UK and Japan. InProceedings of the 30th Annual ARCOM Conference, Portsmouth, UK(Vol. 1, pp. 1441-1450). Ness, K. and Green, S., 2013. 2 Human resource management in the construction context: disappearing workers in the UK.Human Resource Management in Construction: Critical Perspectives, p.18. Nieto-Morote, A. and Ruz-Vila, F., 2012. A fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model for construction contractor prequalification.Automation in Construction,25, pp.8-19. Owolabi, J.D., Amusan, L.M., Oloke, C.O., Olusanya, O., Tunji-Olayeni, P.F., Dele, O., Peter Joy, N. and Omuh, I.O., 2014. Causes and effect of delay on project construction delivery time.International Journal of Education and Research,2(4), pp.197-208. Potts, K. and Ankrah, N., 2014.Construction cost management: learning from case studies. Routledge. Priven, V. and Sacks, R., 2016. Impacts of the Social Subcontract and Last Planner System Interventions on the Trade-Crew Workflows of Multistory Residential Construction Projects.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, p.04016013. Radosavljevic, M. and Bennett, J., 2012.Construction Management Strategies: A theory of construction management. John Wiley Sons. Rezazadeh, M., Rezazadeh, M., Balador, Z. and Shabahang, S., 2014. Criterion of Construction Process Investigation with a Vision of Sustainable Construction (in Iran with a Regard to UK).International Journal of Engineering and Technology,6(1), p.9. Robson, A., Boyd, D. and Thurairajah, N., 2014. UK Construction Supply Chain Attitudes to BIM. In50th ASC Annual International Conference Annual Conference. Rostami, A., Sommerville, J., Wong, I.L. and Lee, C., 2015. Risk management implementation in small and medium enterprises in the UK construction industry.Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,22(1), pp.91-107. Sarhan, S. and Fox, A., 2013. Performance measurement in the UK construction industry and its role in supporting the application of lean construction concepts.Construction Economics and Building,13(1), pp.23-35. Shah, R., Walsh, S. and Ross, A., 2013. Challenges and solutions for management of FRP usage in the UK rail sector. InProceedings of the 29th Annual ARCOM Conference. Shiers, D., Weston, J., Wilson, E., Glasson, J. and Deller, L., 2014. Implementing new EU environmental law: the short life of the UK Site Waste Management Plan Regulations.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,57(7), pp.1003-1022. Thakore, R., Goulding, J.S. and Toogood, M., 2013. Fostering energy efficiency dynamics through ex-ante strategic niche management: the UK perspective.ALAM CIPTA Journal,6(1), pp.3-16. Thirkell, E. and Ashman, I., 2014. Lean towards learning: connecting Lean Thinking and human resource management in UK higher education.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(21), pp.2957-2977. Toth, P. and Vigo, D. eds., 2014.Vehicle routing: problems, methods, and applications(Vol. 18). Siam. Tutt, D., Pink, S., Dainty, A. and Gibb, A., 2013. " We've got our own language" The communication practices of migrant workers in the UK construction industry. Tutt, D., Pink, S., Dainty, A.R. and Gibb, A., 2013. Building networks to work: an ethnographic study of informal routes into the UK construction industry and pathways for migrant up-skilling.Construction Management and Economics,31(10), pp.1025-1037. Vernikos, V.K., Goodier, C.I., Broyd, T.W., Robery, P.C. and Gibb, A.G., 2014. Building information modelling and its effect on off-site construction in UK civil engineering. Vernikos, V.K., Goodier, C.I., Gibb, A.G., Robery, P.C. and Broyd, T.W., 2013. Analyzing the need for offsite construction and standardization in the UK water and environmental management sectors. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Wright, T., 2015. New development: Can social valuerequirements on public authorities be used in procurement to increase women's participation in the UK construction industry?.Public Money Management,35(2), pp.135-140. Zanni, M.A., Soetanto, R. and Ruikar, K., 2014. Defining the sustainable building design process: methods for BIM execution planning in the UK.International Journal of Energy Sector Management,8(4), pp.562-587.